Little is known, and much is conjecture ( and most of that wrong). The Khazars were a Turkic people who fashioned a multi-ethnic Empire...

The Fall of the city to the Ottoman Turks 1453 1 Introduction and Setting the Scene 2 The poor state of Constantinople in first half of...

Italy: A Love-in with Garibaldi - Anglo-Italian relations 1815-1919 1 Napoleon shuffles the pack 2 Italy made Napoleon, and Napoleon...

The world doesn't stop even for a global pandemic. Last week I posted a small item about current political issues within Europe. This...

I thought it might be of interest to some folk if I wrote a small piece about the Seljuk Turks, whom we were talking about in yesterday's...

This blog is a short round up of some of the political issues within Europe at the present time. Russia still dominates European politics....

For many of us in the 60+ age group, (OK, I know I am well past 60, but it makes me feel good to say that!), we have been forced by...

'That Sweet Enemy, France' British feelings during The Napoleonic Wars 1815-1848 Russia - a common Anglo-French enemy Crimean War 1853-56...

Byzantine Politics in Byzantine Empire Short Introduction A story of intrigue, love, and blinding 1067-71 Emperor Romanos A question of...

I know a number of readers of this blog have access to Amazon Prime Video on the internet. I have recently watched two feature films on...

Many of us are reading more than ever as the lockdown cuts our options. So this is not a list like my earlier ones but a glimpse into my...

Until the reign of David I (1124-53), Scotland had no coinage of its own. Its economy depended on barter. Presumably for large scale...

Tourists return to Europe after 1815 - This is the first of two looks at the British on holiday on the continent 1. The Grand Tour of the...

Constantinople, Capital of The Byzantine Empire: The Non Political Story 1. Short Recap 2. Central Role of Religion 3. The Nature of...

A recalibration of Britain's relationship with Europe in the years after Waterloo Resume of events immediately prior to Waterloo 1815...

NB Synopsis for morning course to follow shortly The Rise of Constantinople and The fall of Rome Constantine the Great (306-337)...

Latin America Conquistadores Fernando Cervantes The Conquistadors Restall & Fernandez-Armesto Penguin History of Latin...

'Global Trade' has been one of the Government's watchwords for Brexit. Yet, a moment's reflection shows that this isn't anything new. ...

Island Mentality 1 Island Mentality. What does this mean? 1a Included in above a special piece on concept of Exceptionalism 2 Versions...